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Jonah 1:1-4:11 · 7 min read

Jonah and the Whale

The story of Jonah and the whale fills the book of Jonah. God sends Jonah to Nineveh, and Jonah takes a ship the other way. In a storm the sailors throw him overboard, and a great fish swallows him. Three days later it spits him out on land. He preaches in Nineveh, and the whole city turns from its evil. Read it below, then try the quiz at the end.

Running from God

Now Yahweh’s word came to Jonah the son of Amittai, saying, “Arise, go to Nineveh, that great city, and preach against it, for their wickedness has come up before me.” But Jonah rose up to flee to Tarshish from the presence of Yahweh. He went down to Joppa, and found a ship going to Tarshish; so he paid its fare, and went down into it, to go with them to Tarshish from the presence of Yahweh.

The storm

But Yahweh sent out a great wind on the sea, and there was a mighty storm on the sea, so that the ship was likely to break up. Then the mariners were afraid, and every man cried to his god. They threw the cargo that was in the ship into the sea to lighten the ship. But Jonah had gone down into the innermost parts of the ship, and he was laying down, and was fast asleep. So the ship master came to him, and said to him, “What do you mean, sleeper? Arise, call on your God! Maybe your God will notice us, so that we won’t perish.”

They all said to each other, “Come, let us cast lots, that we may know who is responsible for this evil that is on us.” So they cast lots, and the lot fell on Jonah. Then they asked him, “Tell us, please, for whose cause this evil is on us. What is your occupation? Where do you come from? What is your country? Of what people are you?” He said to them, “I am a Hebrew, and I fear Yahweh, the God of heaven, who has made the sea and the dry land.” Then the men were exceedingly afraid, and said to him, “What have you done?” For the men knew that he was fleeing from the presence of Yahweh, because he had told them.

Then they said to him, “What shall we do to you, that the sea may be calm to us?” For the sea grew more and more stormy. He said to them, “Take me up, and throw me into the sea. Then the sea will be calm for you; for I know that because of me this great storm is on you.” Nevertheless the men rowed hard to get them back to the land; but they could not, for the sea grew more and more stormy against them. Therefore they cried to Yahweh, and said, “We beg you, Yahweh, we beg you, don’t let us die for this man’s life, and don’t lay on us innocent blood; for you, Yahweh, have done as it pleased you.” So they took up Jonah, and threw him into the sea; and the sea ceased its raging. Then the men feared Yahweh exceedingly; and they offered a sacrifice to Yahweh, and made vows.

Sailors throwing Jonah over the side of their ship into a stormy sea, cargo jars floating on the waves
So they took up Jonah, and threw him into the sea (Jonah 1:15)

Inside the fish

Yahweh prepared a great fish to swallow up Jonah, and Jonah was in the belly of the fish three days and three nights.

Then Jonah prayed to Yahweh, his God, out of the fish’s belly. He said, “I called because of my affliction to Yahweh. He answered me. Out of the belly of Sheol I cried. You heard my voice. For you threw me into the depths, in the heart of the seas. The flood was all around me. All your waves and your billows passed over me. I said, ‘I have been banished from your sight; yet I will look again toward your holy temple.’ The waters surrounded me, even to the soul. The deep was around me. The weeds were wrapped around my head. I went down to the bottoms of the mountains. The earth barred me in forever: yet have you brought up my life from the pit, Yahweh my God.

“When my soul fainted within me, I remembered Yahweh. My prayer came in to you, into your holy temple. Those who regard lying vanities forsake their own mercy. But I will sacrifice to you with the voice of thanksgiving. I will pay that which I have vowed. Salvation belongs to Yahweh.” Then Yahweh spoke to the fish, and it vomited out Jonah on the dry land.

Jonah on his hands and knees on a sandy shore, the great fish in the shallows behind him
It vomited out Jonah on the dry land (Jonah 2:10)
Key verse · Jonah 2:9

But I will sacrifice to you with the voice of thanksgiving. I will pay that which I have vowed. Salvation belongs to Yahweh.”

Nineveh turns

Yahweh’s word came to Jonah the second time, saying, “Arise, go to Nineveh, that great city, and preach to it the message that I give you.” So Jonah arose, and went to Nineveh, according to Yahweh’s word. Now Nineveh was an exceedingly great city, three days’ journey across. Jonah began to enter into the city a day’s journey, and he cried out, and said, “In forty days, Nineveh will be overthrown!”

The people of Nineveh believed God; and they proclaimed a fast, and put on sackcloth, from their greatest even to their least. The news reached the king of Nineveh, and he arose from his throne, and took off his royal robe, covered himself with sackcloth, and sat in ashes. He made a proclamation and published through Nineveh by the decree of the king and his nobles, saying, “Let neither man nor animal, herd nor flock, taste anything; let them not feed, nor drink water; but let them be covered with sackcloth, both man and animal, and let them cry mightily to God. Yes, let them turn everyone from his evil way, and from the violence that is in his hands. Who knows whether God will not turn and relent, and turn away from his fierce anger, so that we might not perish?”

God saw their works, that they turned from their evil way. God relented of the disaster which he said he would do to them, and he didn’t do it.

Jonah’s anger

But it displeased Jonah exceedingly, and he was angry. He prayed to Yahweh, and said, “Please, Yahweh, wasn’t this what I said when I was still in my own country? Therefore I hurried to flee to Tarshish, for I knew that you are a gracious God, and merciful, slow to anger, and abundant in loving kindness, and you relent of doing harm. Therefore now, Yahweh, take, I beg you, my life from me; for it is better for me to die than to live.” Yahweh said, “Is it right for you to be angry?”

Then Jonah went out of the city, and sat on the east side of the city, and there made himself a booth, and sat under it in the shade, until he might see what would become of the city. Yahweh God prepared a vine, and made it to come up over Jonah, that it might be a shade over his head, to deliver him from his discomfort. So Jonah was exceedingly glad because of the vine. But God prepared a worm at dawn the next day, and it chewed on the vine, so that it withered. When the sun arose, God prepared a sultry east wind; and the sun beat on Jonah’s head, so that he fainted, and requested for himself that he might die, and said, “It is better for me to die than to live.”

God said to Jonah, “Is it right for you to be angry about the vine?” He said, “I am right to be angry, even to death.” Yahweh said, “You have been concerned for the vine, for which you have not labored, neither made it grow; which came up in a night, and perished in a night. Shouldn’t I be concerned for Nineveh, that great city, in which are more than one hundred twenty thousand persons who can’t discern between their right hand and their left hand; and also much livestock?”

Jonah sitting under a withered vine on a hillside above the walled city of Nineveh
The vine withered (Jonah 4:7)

World English Bible · public domain ·Read the chapters: Jonah 1 · 2 · 3 · 4

About this passage

Jonah was a real prophet in Israel’s history. Second Kings 14:25 names Jonah the son of Amittai, from Gath-hepher, who prophesied in the days of King Jeroboam II, in the eighth century BC.

Nineveh was a great city of Assyria, on the east bank of the Tigris across from today’s Mosul in Iraq. Assyria later destroyed the northern kingdom of Israel (2 Kings 17). Jonah is being sent to preach to his people’s enemy, and he does not want it spared.

So he sails the other way. Tarshish is usually identified with Tartessos in southern Spain, at the far western end of the world Jonah knew. The story keeps saying he went down: down to Joppa, today’s Jaffa, down into the ship, down into its hold, and in his prayer from the deep, down to the roots of the mountains.

The book of Jonah says a great fish. “Whale” comes from the King James Version of Matthew 12:40, where Jesus says Jonah was three days and three nights in the whale’s belly, as a sign of his own three days in the grave. The Greek word there, kētos, covers any huge sea creature.

Chapter 4 is the part picture books leave out. Nineveh repents from the king down, God spares the city, and Jonah is furious. He says this is why he ran to Tarshish: he knew God is gracious and merciful, slow to anger. God answers with a question about a withered vine and a city of more than 120,000 people and much livestock, and the book ends there, with Jonah’s reply unrecorded.

Jonah and the Whale quiz · 8 questions

  1. Jonah 1 · Bible quiz

    Where did God first tell Jonah to go?

    Choose one answer.

    Answer · Jonah 1:2

    Nineveh. God told Jonah to go to Nineveh, that great city, and preach against it.

    “Arise, go to Nineveh, that great city, and cry against it; for their wickedness is come up before me.”

    Jonah 1:2 · King James Version
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  2. Jonah 1 · Bible quiz

    Where was Jonah’s ship going?

    Choose one answer.

    Answer · Jonah 1:3

    To Tarshish. Jonah went down to Joppa and paid the fare for a ship going to Tarshish, away from the presence of the Lord.

    “But Jonah rose up to flee unto Tarshish from the presence of the LORD, and went down to Joppa; and he found a ship going to Tarshish: so he paid the fare thereof, and went down into it, to go with them unto Tarshish from the presence of the LORD.”

    Jonah 1:3 · King James Version
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  3. Jonah 1 · Bible quiz

    What was Jonah doing during the storm?

    Choose one answer.

    Answer · Jonah 1:5

    Asleep in the bottom of the ship. While the sailors cried to their gods and threw the cargo out, Jonah was fast asleep in the innermost part of the ship.

    “Then the mariners were afraid, and cried every man unto his god, and cast forth the wares that were in the ship into the sea, to lighten it of them. But Jonah was gone down into the sides of the ship; and he lay, and was fast asleep.”

    Jonah 1:5 · King James Version
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  4. Jonah 1 · Bible quiz

    How did the sailors find out the storm was Jonah’s fault?

    Choose one answer.

    Answer · Jonah 1:7

    They cast lots, and the lot fell on Jonah. They cast lots to learn who was to blame, and the lot fell on Jonah.

    “And they said every one to his fellow, Come, and let us cast lots, that we may know for whose cause this evil is upon us. So they cast lots, and the lot fell upon Jonah.”

    Jonah 1:7 · King James Version
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  5. Jonah 1 · Bible quiz

    How long was Jonah in the belly of the fish?

    Choose one answer.

    Answer · Jonah 1:17

    Three days and three nights. The Lord prepared a great fish to swallow Jonah, and he was in its belly three days and three nights.

    “Now the LORD had prepared a great fish to swallow up Jonah. And Jonah was in the belly of the fish three days and three nights.”

    Jonah 1:17 · King James Version
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  6. Jonah 1 · Bible quiz

    What did Jonah do inside the fish?

    Choose one answer.

    Answer · Jonah 2:1

    He prayed to the Lord. Jonah prayed to the Lord his God out of the fish’s belly.

    “Then Jonah prayed unto the LORD his God out of the fish’s belly,”

    Jonah 2:1 · King James Version
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  7. Jonah 1 · Bible quiz

    What message did Jonah preach in Nineveh?

    Choose one answer.

    Answer · Jonah 3:4

    In forty days, Nineveh will be overthrown. Jonah walked a day’s journey into the city and cried out that in forty days Nineveh would be overthrown.

    “And Jonah began to enter into the city a day’s journey, and he cried, and said, Yet forty days, and Nineveh shall be overthrown.”

    Jonah 3:4 · King James Version
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  8. Jonah 1 · Bible quiz

    What did God send to wither the plant that shaded Jonah?

    Choose one answer.

    Answer · Jonah 4:7

    A worm. God prepared a worm at dawn, and it chewed the vine so that it withered.

    “But God prepared a worm when the morning rose the next day, and it smote the gourd that it withered.”

    Jonah 4:7 · King James Version
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Frequently asked questions

Where is the story of Jonah and the whale in the Bible?

In the book of Jonah, in the Old Testament. The whole book is four short chapters: the storm and the fish in chapters 1 and 2, Nineveh in chapter 3 and Jonah’s anger in chapter 4.

How long was Jonah in the whale?

Three days and three nights (Jonah 1:17). Jesus uses the same phrase in Matthew 12:40 for his own time in the grave.

Where was Tarshish?

The Bible does not say exactly. Most scholars identify it with Tartessos in southern Spain, at the far western end of the Mediterranean. Nineveh lay far to the east, so Jonah was sailing as far from it as he could (Jonah 1:3).

What is the sign of Jonah?

When people asked Jesus for a sign, he said they would get only the sign of Jonah the prophet. As Jonah was three days and three nights in the fish, he would be three days and three nights in the heart of the earth, and the people of Nineveh, who repented when Jonah preached, would stand in judgment over his generation (Matthew 12:39-41, Luke 11:29-32).

Written and checked against the text by Random Bible. Last reviewed October 30, 2026.

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